Are you at risk of heart failure?

Heart and blood vessel disease can stem from high blood cholesterol levels or abnormal levels of triglycerides, or both. High cholesterol levels can lead to the hardening, narrowing, and blockage of blood vessels in the future, which is a significant risk factor for heart disease.

High blood cholesterol can result from several factors, such as:
External factors:

Obesity or being overweight
Lack of regular physical activity
Regular alcohol consumption or smoking
Consuming foods high in cholesterol

Internal factors:

Genetics
Thyroid disorders, diabetes, kidney disease, or the use of certain medications

High blood cholesterol due to genetics is a common occurrence. The primary cause stems from genetic variations or mutations in genes such as LDL-R, ApoB, PCSK-9, leading to persistently elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood. LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), the "bad" cholesterol, can accumulate in the blood vessels, contributing to conditions like coronary artery disease, heart attacks, and strokes. Additionally, it can result in noticeable physical manifestations, such as cholesterol deposits called xanthomas, typically found in tendons or under the skin.

This genetic disorder manifests in two forms:

Heterozygous FH (Familial Hypercholesterolemia): Inherited from one parent, individuals typically exhibit total cholesterol levels ranging from 350 to 500 milligrams per deciliter.
Homozygous FH: Inherited from both parents, this form results in more severe symptoms, with total cholesterol levels typically ranging from 500 to 1,000 milligrams per deciliter. Individuals with this form face a significantly higher risk of developing sudden heart attacks and premature death.

Symptoms of sudden heart attack can manifest without prior warning signs, but often occur severely, especially during blockages or constriction of the heart arteries. However, advancements in cholesterol-lowering medications have significantly reduced the risk of heart attacks in affected individuals.

Diagnostic and Treatment Approaches:
When there's suspicion of risk, combined with abnormal blood cholesterol levels despite medication, genetic testing can identify familial predispositions before specific treatments are administered. Consistent medication adherence and following dietary recommendations as advised by healthcare providers can effectively mitigate the risk of sudden heart attacks and strokes in the future.

25 Dec, 2023

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